计算机工程师在某些方面与架构师做同样的工作，特别是在处理项目时。
[En]
Computer engineers do the same work as architects in some ways, especially when working on projects.
由于我们从事的是一个项目，我们必须考虑输入和输出，因此软件工程学科应运而生。软件工程告诉我们如何控制项目的管理过程，从可行到维护。
[En]
Since we are working on a project, we must consider the input and output, so the discipline of software engineering comes into being. Software engineering tells us how to control the management process of the project, from feasibility to maintenance.
但大多数工程师并不关心这一点，他们更多地考虑如何在技术上实现这一点。
[En]
But most engineers don't care about that, they think more about how to achieve it technically.
但设计师必须意识到，不同的方法会产生不同的输入和输出，所以有人总结了前人的经验，提出了两点：
[En]
But designers must realize that different methods will lead to different inputs and outputs, so someone summed up the experience of their predecessors and came up with two things:
1.设计原则 （指导性要求）
2.设计模式（设计套路）
后者的存在主要是为了满足前者，少数存在是为了解决工程和技术问题。因此，有必要首先充分了解设计原则。
[En]
The latter mainly exists to meet the former, and a few exist to solve engineering and technical problems. Therefore, it is necessary to fully understand the design principles first.
设计原则也存在，以确保一个目标：提高项目质量(更少的时间，更低的成本)。
[En]
Design principles also exist to ensure a goal: to improve the quality of the project (less time, lower cost).
目前常见的原则是：
1.里氏替换换原则 -- 这个不好说。想法很好，但是让让人迷惑。